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Engine Cooling System
The internal combustion engine is a heat engine. It has to make heat to make power. For optimum engine operation, the cooling system must regulate engine temperature within a precise and narrow range, so that it is not too hot and not too cold.
The Structure of Cooling System
A Closed-Loop Water-Cooled circulation System is widely used in diesel engine of Construction Machinery. The cooling system consists of cooling fan, radiator, radiator cap, thermostat, fan drive belt, water pump, water jacket, oil cooler, expansion water tank and necessary hoses, etc.
The Coolant Circulation
- The little circulation
The coolant is pumped by the coolant pump via duct into the distribution jacket on the right side of the engine block. The largest amount of fluid is forced upwards through the oil cooler flanges, while a smaller amount of the coolant is diverted into the lower part of the cylinder liner cooling jackets through holes.
After the oil cooler, the coolant is distributed via suitably sized holes to the upper part of the cylinder liner cooling jackets and also to the cylinder head.
Return flow sent from the liner jackets comes in to the cylinder head cooling the hot areas around the exhaust gas ports and injector sleeves.
Then all coolant flows through the piston type thermostat which is located in the front edge of the cylinder head and, during engine warm up, the coolant is directed back to the coolant pump via duct.
- The full circulation
When the engine reaches its operating temperature and the thermostat opens, the duct to the coolant pump gradually closes. The coolant passes through the inner space of the thermostat Housing and further on to the radiator.
- The combination cycle
When the coolant temperature of the engine is from 83 ℃ to 95 ℃ , the cooling system have
both little circulation and full circulation during the thermostat valve from start to open (83 ℃) to fully open ( 95 ℃ ). This is why the valve lift of die thermostat depends on its expansion material.