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Which Type of Lubrication System Is Used in Car Engine?
When the engine is working, the friction surfaces (such as crankshaft journal and bearing, camshaft journal and bearing, piston ring and cylinder wall, timing gear pair, etc.) make a relative motion at a high speed, and the friction between metal surfaces It not only increases the power consumption inside the engine but also makes the working surface of the parts wear out rapidly; the heat generated by the friction may also melt the surface of some working parts, causing the engine to fail to operate normally. Therefore, in order to ensure the normal operation of the engine, the surface of the relatively moving parts in the engine must be lubricated, that is, a layer of lubricant (oil or grease) is covered on the friction surface so that a thin oil film is separated between the metal surfaces to reduce the friction. Friction resistance, reduce power loss, reduce wear and tear, and prolonged engine life.
The basic task of the lubrication system is to continuously supply clean oil with a certain pressure and suitable temperature to the friction surfaces of moving parts so that the engine can work normally. Among them, the oil pump, oil filter, and oil nozzle are the direct ways for the oil to achieve lubrication.
Common lubrication methods for cars
There are three types of lubrication methods commonly used in engines: pressure lubrication, splash lubrication, and gravity lubrication.
Pressure lubrication: use the oil pump to send a certain pressure of lubricating oil to the friction surface of the parts to form an oil film with a certain thickness and can withstand a certain mechanical load to achieve reliable lubrication, mainly to meet the high relative speed and large mechanical load on the engine parts lubricating.
Splash lubrication: when the engine is working, the crankshaft, camshaft, and other moving parts are splashed or sprayed from the oil hole on the big head of the connecting rod to lubricate the friction surface. The object of lubrication is the cylinder wall, cam, piston pin, etc. Regular lubrication: Lubrication is carried out by regular filling of grease. The objects of lubrication are mainly generators, starters, water pump bearings, etc.
Benefits of using a lubrication system
- Reduce frictional resistance and wear: lubricate the surface of moving parts, reduce frictional resistance and wear, and reduce engine power consumption.
- Clean the friction surface: The oil circulates continuously in the lubrication system to clean the friction surface and take away the wear debris and foreign matter.
- Cooling effect: The engine oil continuously circulates in the lubrication system to take away the heat generated by friction and play a cooling role.
- Improve sealing performance: form an oil film between moving parts to improve sealing performance and prevent air or oil leakage.
- Protective effect: an oil film is formed on the surface of the parts to protect the surface of the parts and prevent corrosion and rust.
- Hydraulic function: Lubricating oil can also be used as hydraulic oil to play a hydraulic role.
- Shock-absorbing and buffering effect: an oil film is formed on the surface of moving parts to absorb impact and reduce vibration, and play a role of shock-absorbing and buffering.