What Is a Fuel Injection Pump? Types, Working Principle, and More

If you want to know about Fuel Injection Pump, I think you should know the answers to the following questions. How does a diesel fuel injection pump work? The function of fuel injection pump, fuel injection pump working principle and how fuel injection pump works in diesel engine. And you can learn all of them through this article.

 

In construction machinery, the Fuel Injection Pump (FIP) is an important mechanical device used to transfer fuel from the fuel tank to the engine and to precisely control the injection of fuel for the combustion process of the engine. This device plays a key role in ensuring that the engine can run efficiently and economically. Fuel injection pumps control the injection of fuel through pressure and timing to suit different operating conditions and requirements to achieve optimized power output and fuel efficiency. This makes the fuel injection pump one of the indispensable components in construction machinery, with a significant impact on mechanical performance and fuel economy.

 

In construction machinery, the Fuel Injection Pump (FIP) is a crucial component that is responsible for delivering fuel to the engine in a precise manner and ensuring that the fuel is correctly injected during the combustion process. Different types of construction machinery may use different types of fuel injection pumps to meet their specific needs. In this article, we will discuss a few common types of fuel injection pumps used in construction machinery.

 

1. Mechanical injection pumps

Mechanical injection pumps are one of the most common types of fuel injection pumps. It feeds fuel into the engine's combustion chamber through a mechanical mechanism. This type of pump is usually driven by a camshaft, the rotary motion of which results in the movement of the injection pump plunger or piston, thus realizing high-pressure injection of fuel. Mechanical injection pumps are commonly used in diesel engines, especially in older mechanical fuel systems.

 

2. Electronically controlled injection pump

With the advancement of technology, electronically controlled injection pumps are becoming more and more common in construction machinery. This type of injection pump manages the fuel injection through the electronic control unit (ECU), which precisely controls the fuel pressure and injection time according to the information fed back from the sensors, in order to adapt to different working conditions and engine loads. Electronically controlled injection pumps provide higher fuel efficiency and emission control, and are therefore widely used in modern construction machinery.

 

3. Common Rail Injection Pump

The Common Rail injection pump is an advanced injection system that supplies fuel at extremely high pressure into a pipe called the common rail and then precisely injects it into the combustion chamber through nozzles. This system offers higher pressure control and injection precision, which provides higher fuel efficiency and lower emissions. High pressure common rail injection pumps are commonly found in large construction machinery and modern diesel engines.

 

4. Vortex chamber injection pump

The vortex chamber injection pump is a highly efficient injection system for diesel engines. It improves fuel-air mixing efficiency by creating a vortex effect during the injection process, resulting in better combustion and performance. Vortex chamber injection pumps are typically used in construction machinery applications that require high power output and low emissions.

A fuel injection pump usually consists of the following major parts:

Camshaft: The camshaft is a rotating shaft that is connected to the crankshaft of the engine. The shape and movement of the camshaft is the basis for the operation of the fuel injection pump.

 

Plunger or Piston: The fuel injection pump is fitted with a plunger or piston, which are driven by the movement of the camshaft. The plunger or piston moves up and down inside the pump, changing the pressure of the fuel inside.

 

Fuel Supply Line: The fuel supply line carries fuel from the fuel tank to the fuel injection pump.

 

Injector Nozzles: The injector nozzles are located at the end of the fuel injection pump and are used to inject fuel into the combustion chamber of the engine.

 

The working principle of the fuel injection pump can be summarized in the following steps:

Fuel supply: Fuel is delivered from the fuel tank to the fuel injection pump through a supply line.

 

Camshaft drive: The rotary motion of the camshaft moves the plunger or piston up and down. This movement is determined by the shape of the cams on the camshaft.

 

Suction and compression: The upward movement of the plunger or piston creates a low-pressure area that draws fuel into the fuel injection pump. The descent of the plunger or piston then compresses the fuel, increasing its pressure.

 

Injection: As the plunger or piston descends, the fuel injection pump injects high-pressure fuel into the engine's combustion chambers through the injector nozzles. This process is usually coordinated with the engine's valve timing to ensure precise fuel injection and timing.

 

Explore fuel injection pumps, their types, and working principle. Understand their role in efficient fuel delivery to engines and systems, and the importance of knowing their functionality for optimal performance and maintenance.